The people of this country in southwestern Asia always called their homeland Iran, or "Land of the Aryans." But Westerners started calling it Persia in the sixth century B.C. -- taking the name from Persis, or Parsa (modern Fárs), a region of southern Iran. In 1935, the country's government officially requested that the nation be referred to as Iran. (The Book of Answers, by Barbara Berliner)