One of the first scientists to study light in a scientific way
was Alhazen (965-1038). At the
time, most people believed that light came out of the eyes and shone onto
objects, so that we could see them. Alhazen worked out the correct explanation -
that light from a light source, such as the Sun or a candle, reflected off
objects and went into the eye. He also studied colored lights, mirrors and
lenses. His work helped later scientists to develop the microscope, telescope
and other optical, or light-based, devices. (World of Science)